Understanding Mushroom Products : Which is better for consumption? | What is the best type of mushroom to eat ? | Edible Mushrooms

Understanding Mushroom Products : Which is better for consumption? | What is the best type of mushroom to eat ? | Edible Mushrooms

As well as having a large number of mushrooms with similar properties to choose from, the therapist is faced with an often bewildering variety of product forms produced through different growing and manufacturing processes.

The following overview summarizes the features of the different dosage forms available.

• Fruiting Body/Conk/Sclerotium
• Extracts
• Spores and Spore Oil
• Mycelium
• Mycelial Biomass
• Combination Products

Mushroom

• Fruiting Body/Conk/Sclerotium

The traditional dosage form of medicinal mushrooms, the fruiting body, typically contains a higher level and number of different polysaccharides than the mycelium or culture broth with an increase in concentration with fruiting body growth until an optimum size is reached.

• Extracts

For mushrooms where triterpenoid and other phenolic components are therapeutically important such as A. camphorata, G. lucidum and I. obliquus products derived from the fruiting body/conk are usual with, given their indigestible nature, extracts often used in agreement with traditional practice. 

Extracts are also used to deliver high concentrations of polysaccharides or other active components. They are usually made from either the fruiting body or the mycelium through one of two main methods: Aqueous (hot-water) extraction or Ethanolic (alcohol) extraction.

• Spores and Spore Oil

The fruiting body exists to spread the spores of the mushroom and generates them in amazing quantities with a single fruiting body of Ganoderma applanatum (the artist’s conk) being estimated to produce up to 2.6 billion over its life at rates of up to 31,000 per second 53 . 

While all mushrooms produce spores only the spores from Ganoderma lucidum have so far been investigated for their clinical potential with polysaccharides, triterpenes and sterols all contributing to their therapeutic activity.

• Mycelium

The mushroom mycelium is cultured in a closed vessel with a liquid substrate containing all the essential nutrients for growth and growth parameters such as nutrient composition and temperature carefully controlled to optimize the concentration of the desired components. 

• Mycelial Biomass

In mycelial biomass production, the mushroom culture is inoculated into a sterile, grain-based substrate, often brown rice, and left to fully colonize the substrate. 

At the point at which it has exhausted the capacity of the substrate to support further growth and is about to produce fruiting bodies (primordia stage), the resultant mass of mycelium and the residual substrate is dried and granulated to make a powder, which is then usually tabletted or encapsulated.

• Combination Products

There is some evidence that combinations of mushrooms can have a greater effect on the immune system of both humans and mice than single mushrooms and that blends of mushrooms extracts have greater cytotoxicity against cancer cells than single extracts in vitro.

Mushroom

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